"Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (2025)

Ms., Miss, or Mrs.?

"Ms.," "Miss," and "Mrs." are honorifics used for females. They are not interchangeable, and the differences can be nuanced. As a consequence, writers are often unsure whether to use "Ms.," "Miss," or "Mrs." when addressing a woman in an email or a letter.

These feminine honorifics are all contractions of the word "Mistress." In general terms:

  • "Miss" denotes an unmarried woman.
  • (As it looks like a real word and not a contraction, "Miss" is usually written without a period (full stop).)
  • "Mrs." denotes a married woman.
  • "Ms." offers no indication whether the woman is married or single.

However, these are not 100% rules, and there are some nuances worth learning if you do not wish to offend.

"Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (1)

Ms.

The contraction "Ms." is short for "Mistress."

"Mistress" is the female version of "Mister" (which is shortened to "Mr."). Neither "Ms." nor "Mr." tells us the marital status of the person.

When referring to a woman whose marital status is unknown, it is nearly always safe to use "Ms." It is also nearly always safe to use "Ms." if the woman has been divorced or widowed and it is unknown whether she wants to remain a "Mrs." or revert to "Miss."

Unfortunately, even though using "Ms." ought to be 100% safe in all circumstances, some married women believe it to be a lower status than "Mrs." Therefore, to eliminate completely the risk of causing any offence, you will need to do some investigative work to find out what title the woman uses for herself.

Mrs.

Like "Ms." and "Miss," the contraction "Mrs." is short for "Mistress." It is used for a married woman. "Mrs." can also be used for a divorced or widowed woman who wishes to retain the title.

The reasons for retaining the "Mrs." title are personal and varied, but they include:

  • Ensuring the children's parents have the same surname.
  • Maintaining respect for a deceased husband.
  • Warding off future suitors.
  • Maintaining the kudos of a famous husband.

Also of note, some married women prefer "Ms." over "Mrs." as a sign of independence, and some even use "Ms." in a work setting and "Mrs." in a home setting. Therefore, to eliminate completely the risk of causing any offence, you will need to do some investigative work to find out what title the woman uses for herself.

Miss

Like "Ms." and "Mrs.," the contraction "Miss" is short for "Mistress." It is used for an unmarried woman.

It is highly appropriate to use "Miss" for a young girl or woman below marrying age. "Miss" can also be used for a previously married woman, but you should only use "Miss" if you know the woman uses this title for herself. Using "Miss" for a divorced or widowed woman carries the connotation that she is available to suitors, and this could offend her.

Should I Use a Full Stop / Period after an Honorific Title?

Titles like "Dr.," "Ms.," and "Mr." are known as honorifics. In the US, readers expect an honorific to be followed with a period. In the UK, a period (or full stop) is less common but is acceptable.

  • I know Ms. Jones. "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (2) ("Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (3)) "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (4) ("Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (5))
  • I know Ms Jones. "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (6) ("Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (7)) "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (8) ("Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (9))

Of note, as it looks like a word not an abbreviation, the honorific "Miss" tends not to have a period (full stop) under US or UK writing conventions. Writing "Miss." (with a period) is easily justified, but it is not the common practice.Read more about using periods / full stops in contractions.

What Are the Plurals of Mr., Ms., Mrs., and Miss?

Below are the most widely used plurals for the honorifics "Mr.," "Ms.," "Mrs.," and "Miss":

  • The plural of "Mr." is "Messrs." (pronounced messers).
    • Messrs. Smith and Jones cannot attend. "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (10)
  • The plural of "Miss" is "The Misses."
    • The Misses Smith and Jones cannot attend. "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (11)
    • ("The Misses" tends to drop the period (full stop) even though it is a contraction.)
  • The plural of "Mrs." is "Mesdames" (pronounced maydahm).
    • Mesdames Smith and Jones cannot attend. "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (12)
    • ("Mesdames" drops the period (full stop) because it is not a contraction.)
  • The plural of "Ms." is "Mss." or "Mses." (pronounced mzes).
    • Mss. Smith and Jones cannot attend. "Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (13)

How Do You Pronounce Ms.?

The honorific "Ms." is pronounced mz (with a short uh sound between the m and the z).

Click below to hear the pronunciations of "Mr." "Ms.," "Miss," and "Mrs.":

"Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (14)"Mr., Ms., Miss, Mrs."

Click below to hear the pronunciations of the plural versions "Messrs.," "Mses.," "The Misses," "Mesdames":

"Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (15)"Messrs., Mses., The Misses, Mesdames"

Learn about "Mx."

Bear in mind that it might be appropriate to use "Mx.", which is a gender-neutral honorific title.Read more about "Mx.".

"Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (16)

This page was written by Craig Shrives.

"Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? (2025)

FAQs

"Ms.," "Mrs.," or "Miss"? ›

Ms. is a general title that does not indicate marital status but is still feminine. Mrs. is a traditional title used for a married woman. Miss

Miss
Miss (pronounced /ˈmɪs/) is an English-language honorific typically used for a girl, for an unmarried woman (when not using another title such as "Doctor" or "Dame"), or for a married woman retaining her maiden name. Originating in the 17th century, it is a contraction of mistress.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Miss
is a traditional title used for an unmarried woman.

Do I use MS or Mrs or Miss? ›

Historically, "Miss" has been the formal title for an unmarried woman, while "Mrs." refers to a married woman. "Ms." is used by and for unmarried and married women.

Is MS the same as Mrs? ›

Mrs. is a title used for a married woman. The more neutral title Ms. can be used instead for a woman whose marital status is unknown or irrelevant or who expresses a preference for this mode of address.

Is MS used for a divorced woman? ›

After a divorce, if a woman keeps her married name, you can either use Mrs. or Ms. to address the guest followed by her first name and married name. If she is using her maiden name, then use Ms. along with her first name and maiden name.

Is it Mrs or Ms after marriage? ›

Miss: Use “Miss” when addressing young girls and women under 30 that are unmarried. Ms.: Use “Ms.” when you are not sure of a woman's marital status, if the woman is unmarried and over 30 or if she prefers being addressed with a marital-status neutral title. Mrs.: Use “Mrs.” when addressing a married woman.

Is Miss or Ms more professional? ›

Even if you know that this person is married or unattached, when addressing a woman in business, the only correct title is Ms. To send an invitation to a female under the age of 18, use the title Miss.

Is Ms or Miss more polite? ›

You should only use Mrs when you are sure of a woman's marital status. If you don't know if a woman is married but she is too old to use “Miss,” you could opt for the neutral title “Ms.” This is far more polite than mistakenly using Miss or Mrs without knowing someone's marital status.

Is it rude to call someone Ms instead of Mrs? ›

Ms. is the proper way to describe any woman, regardless of her marital status. It's a catch-all, neutral term that came about in the 1950s as women began to assert their desire to become known for something outside of their marriage, and took hold in the 1970s with the women's rights movement.

Why do people have Ms instead of Mrs? ›

What does 'Ms' stand for? Ms is a title used before a woman's name, much like 'Miss' and 'Mrs' Unlike those terms, it doesn't specify whether the woman is married or unmarried. It's used as an equivalent to the masculine 'Mr' to refer to a woman without defining her by her marital status (e.g. 'Ms Gadd').

Should I use Miss or Ms as a teacher? ›

If she is young and unmarried, Miss is the way to go. If she is married, Mrs. is the correct choice. If you are unsure, Ms. is always a safe bet. If you know someone personally, it's okay to ask which one they prefer.

Can a widow still call herself Mrs.? ›

Widows, like anyone, ultimately have the final say about what they wish to be called, and there are certainly widows out there who prefer the title Ms. (or even Miss). But, when in doubt, stick with Mrs.

Can I still be Mrs. after divorce? ›

You might like to be called 'Mrs. ' even after divorce, or you may prefer 'Ms' or 'Miss'. If you don't change your surname, you don't need to complete any legal documentation to change your title - just start using it. If you do alter it by deed poll, then you can specify your new title in that document.

Am I still a Mrs. if I keep my maiden name? ›

“Mrs.” is the traditional and official title for a married woman. This is the case whether a woman chooses to change her name after marriage or not. Many women prefer to keep their title as “Mrs.” if their spouse passes away or after divorce. If you're unsure, it's always best to ask.

Are you still a Mrs. after your husband dies? ›

The state of modern marriage notwithstanding, it generally specifies “until death do you part.” That is not to say that the widowed may not consider themselves still emotionally joined and prefer to use Mrs. socially.

What do you call a married woman who keeps her maiden name? ›

You have several options for what you and others can call you when you decide to keep your maiden name after marrying. You can go by “Mrs.” as in “Mr. Jackson and Mrs. Smith.” You can also use “Ms.” if you would prefer your title not to be associated with your marital status.

Can I use Mrs. if I am not married? ›

There's really nothing to stop you using the title 'Mrs', regardless of your marital status. However, people who look at your title will naturally assume that you are a married woman because that's what 'Mrs' means. 'Miss' is rarely used these days. It has the connotation of 'unmarried woman', more than 'single woman'.

Why does Ms change to Mrs.? ›

This depends on personal preference. Typically, women who have just got married will change their title to “Mrs.”. It indicates their new and exciting marital status, and also points toward the fact that they've taken their partner's surname. This is also the case if you're double-barrelling your name after marriage.

Is it Ms or Mrs. for a widow? ›

These women are still referred to as Mrs. A widowed woman is also referred to as Mrs., out of respect for her deceased husband.

Can you call yourself Mrs. if not married? ›

There's really nothing to stop you using the title 'Mrs', regardless of your marital status. However, people who look at your title will naturally assume that you are a married woman because that's what 'Mrs' means. 'Miss' is rarely used these days. It has the connotation of 'unmarried woman', more than 'single woman'.

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